Macs used to be fussy about SSD brands. Samsung or Crucial were the safest choices IIRC. Along with OWC.
You'll do better using a PCI adapter - that gets rid of the 128GB limit, and fixes most (all?) brand compatibility issues.
FirmTek has the best reputation for compatibility, but their prices haven't dropped in years. Their
store links still worked a few months ago, but aren't loading when I checked just now. You can try contacting them directly. Their cards occasionally appear on eBay.
OWC still offers
SSD options. But no PCI cards.
Your problem could be the PATA - SATA adapter. I've had trouble with cheap ones, that aren't sleep compatible. Where the drive doesn't remount after wakeup. Can be a real problem if it's the boot drive. Suggest getting an adapter from OWC or other Mac-specific shop.